剪切波成像对乳腺BI-RADS 4类肿块分类影响的研究

目的:探讨剪切波成像（shear wave elastography，SWE）对乳腺BI-RADS 4类肿块分类影响。方法:收集2017年9月至2019 年3月就诊于我院肿瘤科且常规超声定为BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿瘤患者139例，共 157个病灶，在手术或穿刺活检前均进行SWE检查，以病理结果作为金标准，评估常规超声及SWE对乳腺肿块诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确性。结果:常规超声诊断4a类73个，4b类35个，4c类49个，常规超声诊断乳腺肿块的敏感性86.1%，特异性74.1%，准确性76.9%；SWE参数最大杨氏模量值（Emax）诊断乳腺良恶性病灶的临界值为94.15 kPa，以该值为诊断良恶性肿块的依据，SWE校正BI-RADS分类后诊断的敏感性87.5%，特异性90.6%，准确性90.4%。结论:SWE通过硬度信息评估，在常规超声的基础上矫正BI-RADS 4类肿块的亚分类，降低了误诊率，提高了诊断的准确性，有一定临床应用价值。     

鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床研究

目的研究鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案(奥沙利铂+替吉奥)治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选取2018年8月-2019年8月在郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院治疗的80例晚期结直肠癌患者,所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组患者入院后给予SOX方案治疗,第1~14天给予注射用奥沙利铂,推荐剂量130 mg/m^2,溶于500 mL 5%葡萄糖溶液中,输注时间小于3h;第1~21天口服替吉奥胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服鸦胆子油软胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。21 d为1个治疗疗程,两组患者接受治疗3个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效,比较Karnofsky(KPS)评分、生活质量(QOL)评分及血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2和MMP-9水平。结果经过治疗后,治疗组客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(CBR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者KPS评分和QOL评分显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组KPS评分和QOL评分升高程度较大(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CEA、MMP-2和MMP-9水平显著降低(P<0.05);并且治疗组降低较多(P<0.05)。治疗组胃肠道反应、血小板减少、白细胞减少和转氨酶升高等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案治疗晚期结直肠癌具有较好的治疗效果,能够提高患者生活质量,降低肿瘤标志物水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

责任指数对口腔医学专业学生职业精神考核的设想

医学生的责任心体现在其一定行为表现上，是医学生职业精神培养的重要内涵，因此对影响医学生责任心的负向行为进行一定的干预具有重要意义。分析国内外医学院校应用责任指数考核在医学生行为督导养成的评价研究，遵循我国口腔医学专业人才培养的规律，结合口腔医学生成长的特点，借鉴职业精神考核的相关指标——责任指数考核法，试设计口腔医学生行为责任指数测评方案，并预设可行性，为拓宽口腔医学生职业精神的培养提供思路。     

Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Ramucirumab in Combination with FOLFOX4 in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nonrandomized,Open‐Label,Phase Ib Study

Lessons Learned

• The combination of ramucirumab (8 mg/kg intravenous, day 1 every 2 weeks) and FOLFOX4 as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was not sufficiently tolerated.
• Preliminary efficacy data suggest that the combination may provide clinical benefit to patients with HCC.
• Dose modification and patient selection should be considered for the future development of ramucirumab plus FOLFOX chemotherapy for advanced HCC.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the safety, preliminary efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of ramucirumab plus FOLFOX4 as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPatients received ramucirumab (8 mg/kg) intravenously (IV) on day 1, followed by FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m² IV on day 1, folinic acid 200 mg/m² IV, bolus fluorouracil [5‐FU] 400 mg/m², and a continuous infusion of 5‐FU 600 mg/m² over 22 hours, on days 1 and 2) every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety and tolerability of the combination therapy.ResultsEight patients (6 men, 2 women) were treated; all eight patients experienced at least one treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) of grade ≥3. Dose‐limiting toxicities occurred in three patients (37.5%): hepatic hemorrhage (grade 4), blood bilirubin increased (grade 3), and febrile neutropenia (grade 3). Two patients discontinued study because of hepatic hemorrhage (grade 4) and blood bilirubin increase (grade 3). Six deaths occurred due to progressive disease, and no deaths due to TEAEs.ConclusionThere were no unexpected safety findings with ramucirumab plus FOLFOX4 based on the known safety and toxicity of this regimen. The combination was not sufficiently tolerated in patients with advanced HCC at the specified dose and schedule.     

米非司酮联合宫瘤消胶囊对子宫肌瘤治疗效果

目的分析米非司酮和宫瘤消胶囊的联合应用对子宫肌瘤的临床治疗效果。方法本研究对象为80例子宫肌瘤患者,收治时间均在2017年3月—2018年3月期间。将上述子宫肌瘤患者随机分成两组,各40例。给予对照组患者口服米非司酮进行治疗,研究组患者在上述治疗的基础上增加宫瘤消胶囊口服治疗,记录2组患者治疗效果,性激素水平及子宫体积及肿瘤体积变化。结果(1)研究组患者的总体有效率显著高于对照组;(2)研究组患者的P、E2、LH及FSH均显著低于对照组;(3)研究组患者子宫体积及肿瘤体积均显著低于对照组。结论米非司酮片和宫瘤消胶囊的联合治疗对子宫肌瘤患者的治疗效果较显著。     

Molecular profiling of Chinese R-CHOP treated DLBCL patients: Identifying a high-risk subgroup

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically aggressive and heterogenous disease. Although most patients can be cured by immunochemotherapy, 30% to 40% patient will ultimately develop relapsed or refractory disease. Here, we investigated the molecular landscapes of patients with diverse responses to R-CHOP. We performed capture-based targeted sequencing on baseline samples of 105 DLBCL patients using a panel consisting of 112 lymphoma-related genes. Subsequently, 81 treatment-naïve patients with measurable disease and followed for over 1 year were included for survival analysis. Collectively, the most commonly seen mutations included IGH fusion (69%), PIM1(33%), MYD88 (29%), BCL2 (29%), TP53 (29%), CD79B (25%) and KMT2D (24%). Patients with TP53 mutations were more likely to have primary refractory disease (87.0% vs 50.0%, P = .009). For those with TP53 disruptive mutations, 91.7% patients were in the primary refractory group. Interestingly, BCL-2 somatic hypermutation was only seen in patients without primary refractory disease (P = .014). In multivariate analysis, BCL-2 amplification (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.94, P = .022), B2M mutation (HR = 2.99, P = .017) and TP53 mutation (HR = 3.19, P < .001) were independently associated with shorter time to progression (TTP). Furthermore, TP53 mutations was correlated with worse overall survival (P = .049). Next, we investigated mutation landscape in patients with wild-type (WT) TP53 (n = 58) and found that patients harboring MYD88 L265P had significantly inferior TTP than those with WT or non-265P (P = .046). Our study reveals the mutation spectrum of treatment-naive Chinese DLBCL patients. It also confirms the clinical significance of TP53 mutations and indicates the prognostic value of MYD88 L265P in TP53 WT patients.     

Relationship between tRNA-derived fragments and human cancers

tRNA-derived fragments, a class of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), have been identified in numerous studies in recent years. tRNA-derived fragments are classified into two main groups, including tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA-derived small RNA fragments (tRFs), according to different cleavage positions of the precursor or mature tRNAs. Instead of random tRNA degradation debris, a growing body of evidence has shown that tRNA-derived fragments are precise products of specific tRNA modifications and play important roles in biological activities, such as regulating protein translation, affecting gene expression, and altering immune signaling. Recently, the relations between tRNA-derived fragments and the occurrence of human diseases, especially cancers, have generated wide interest. It has been demonstrated that tRNA-derived fragments are involved in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, progression and survival. In this review, we will describe the biogenesis of tRNA-derived fragments, the distinct expression and function of tRNA-derived fragments in the development of cancers, and their emerging roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and precise targets of future treatments.